Coronary Artery Disease

Legend: Artery Wall: arterial wall; Normal blood flow: normal blood flow; Artery Cross secton: Cross section of artery; Normal Artery: artery Normal;Normal artery with normal blood flow

Scenery   

The Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a condition in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The narrow plate arteries and reduces blood flow to the heart. This also makes it more likely the formation of blood clots in the arteries.

The board is composed of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances in the blood. When plaque builds up inside the arteries, this condition is called coronary artery disease.

Over time, CHD can weaken your heart and lead to heart failure and arrhythmia. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can not pump enough blood throughout the body. Arrhythmia is related to the irregularity of the speed or rhythm of the heartbeat.

Legend: Plaque: Stove; Abnormal blood flow: abnormal blood flow; Narowed artery: artery narrowed; Narrowing of Artery: narrowing of the artery.

The Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is caused by the following factors:

• Smoking;
• Large amounts of some fats and cholesterol in the blood;
• Hypertension;
• Large quantities of blood glucose due to insulin resistance or diabetes.

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Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease is characterized by the obstruction of blood vessels supplying the heart.Irrigation of the heart is performed by two arteries, the right coronary and left and the respective branches.With the accumulation of atheromatous plaques (fat) within these arteries, the blood is more difficult to pass.When this plate is broken inside the vessel, there is a cascade of inflammatory actions that eventually result in vessel obstruction. Depending on the extent of the obstruction to blood flow can be angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction and even sudden death.

Symptoms of coronary disease

The symptoms of coronary heart disease can be:

• Pain sensation in the chest, in the form of clamping or crushing of the heart;
• Feeling short of breath;
• Tiredness;

Causes of coronary heart disease

The causes of heart disease are related to the accumulation of fat plaques inside the arteries. Individuals with high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes and sedentary are at increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. 

Diagnosis of coronary artery disease

The diagnosis of coronary heart disease can be done through tests such as:

• Angiography of the coronary arteries;
• Electrocardiogram;
• Computed tomography of the heart;
• Test of physical effort.

Treatment for coronary disease

For the prevention of coronary heart disease, including new episodes, it indicates to eliminate the risk factors of the disease, regular physical exercise and maintain good nutrition. When diagnosed coronary heart disease, the individual is driven by his cardiologist, using specific medications, and medicines to control cholesterol, hypertension and diabetes. These drugs should be used as directed and for life. The cardiac catheterization may be required and, if necessary, the treatment can be done by angioplasty and stent placement within the vessel, or even a revascularization surgery for placement of mammary and saphenous bridges.

Note: The fact that the patient has performed angioplasty or heart surgery does not mean that the individual is cured! It has high risk of new heart attacks and therefore need to use the medication prescribed by the doctor regularly, and for life, and physical activity under the guidance, quit smoking and eat healthily.

Prevention of coronary disease

Prevention of coronary heart disease can be made through good lifestyle habits like quitting smoking, eat properly, do physical activity and lower cholesterol levels. Suitable cholesterol levels are:

• HDL: above 60 mg / dl and
• LDL: below 130 mg / dl; and below 100 for patients who have infarct or at high risk of infartarem (diabetes, hypertension, smoking)

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